Solid solubility is defined as the
amount of solute that is soluble in solvent. Solid solubility of any alloy
depends upon atomic size, valencies, and crystal structure and electronegativity
parameters. Solid solubility limits is decided on the basis of the
Hume–Rothery rules for solid solution formation. Solid Solubility limit is
the limit to which one metal is capable to form solid solutions with respect
to other metal. In case of solid dissolved in liquid water, the solid
solubility increases because of increase average kinetic energy of the solute
molecules with increment of temperature.
Diffusion is the process of movement of atoms from high concentration to low concentration in a material. Adolf Fick first discussed the molecular diffusion in binary components. Fick’s first law of diffusion for a binary mixture depends on flux, diffusion velocity, molar concentration, and temperature gradient. In the diffusion process, atoms change their original positions relative to the adjacent atom due to gradients. The gradient can be a concentration gradient, magnetic gradient, temperature gradient or stress gradient. Diffusion mechanisms involve vacancy diffusion, interstitial diffusion, substitutional diffusion, self-interstitial, self-diffusion, etc. Diffusion process can be either steady-state or non-steady-state process, which depends on flux i.e. the net number of atoms crossing a unit area per unit time in a particular direction. Some important factors that influence diffusion are diffusing material, temperature, crystal lattice, defects, etc.
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